日本培养竞技运动员的一贯指导系统剖析.pdf

第 21 卷第 6 期 体 育 学 刊 Vol.21 No.6 2014 年 11 月 Journal of Physical Education N o v . 2 0 1 4 日本培养竞技运动员的“一贯指导系统”剖析 11 陆作生，郭健健 （华南师范大学体育科学学院，广东 广州 510006 ） 摘 要：为走出东京奥运会后竞技体育长期低迷状况，日本于 2000 年提出构建培养运动员的 “一贯指导系统”，并在培养各阶段和各领域贯彻实施。“一贯指导系统”要求：学校体育要为“一 贯指导系统”人才挖掘奠定基础；制定培养计划应依据运动员的身心特点；指导者应明确培养计 划的指导要求；在培养计划中重视运动比赛的级别和次数的设置。“一贯指导系统”突显人文性、 整体性、统一性、连贯性和经济性，它优化了日本竞技体育结构，积极推动了日本竞技体育复苏。 关 键 词：体育管理；一贯指导系统；竞技运动；日本 中图分类号：G80-05 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2014)06-0055-05 An analysis of the “consistent guidance system” used by Japan for cultivating competitive athletes LU Zuo-sheng ，GUO Jian-jian （School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China) Abstract: In order to get out of the situation of a long-term competitive sports downturn after the Tokyo Olympic Games, in 2000 Japan proposed to build a “consistent guidance system” for cultivating athletes, and to implement it at various stages of cultivation and in various areas. The “consistent guidance system” puts forward the following requirements: school physical education should lay a foundation for hunting talents for the “consistent guidance system”; cultivation plans should be established according to athletes’ physical and mental characteristics; guiders should specify cultivation plan’s guidance requirements; in a cultivation plan, the setting of competition levels and times should be well considered. The “consistent guidance system” highlights humanity, wholeness, unity, consistency and economy, hav