Matlab笔记——字符串006剖析.docx

006. 字符串字母、数字、特殊符号都是字符；一串连续的字符就是字符串。一般认为字符串是由空格和多个字符构成，记为str = ’a1a2…an’ (n≥0)ai可以是字母、数字、特殊符号、空格，每个字符占1位存放成一个行向量（1×n矩阵），从而可以通过下标访问字符串的元素。多个字符串也可以构成字符矩阵，但必须长度相同。字符串的创建1. 将字符串的字符放在一组英文单引号中间即可，例如str1 = Were going to study Matlab!% 必须英文状态下的单引号，单引号元素用两个单引号l = length(str1) % l返回列数，即字符串包含字符的个数zhstr1 = 中文字符串示例！ % 中文字符串，也是英文单引号size(zhstr1)运行结果：str1 =Were going to study Matlab!l =28zhstr1 =中文字符串示例！ans= 1 82. 用元胞数组存放复杂字符串，或cellstr()函数C1 = {Matlab 2010b includes data types:;Double array; Character array;and so on}class(C1) % 返回 C1 的数据类型size(C1)C2 = char(Matlab 2010b includes data types:, ... Double array, ... Character array,... and so on)class(C2)size(C2)C3 = cellstr(C2); % 同 C1运行结果：C1 = Matlab 2010b includes data types: Double array Character array and so onans=cellans= 4 1C2 =Matlab 2010b includes data types:Double arrayCharacter arrayand so onans=charans= 4 33注：这里C1也可以用strvcat(str1, str2,…)实现类似的存储效果，见下文【字符串的连接】。字符串的访问和操作字符串是以行向量形式存储的，可通过下标访问。替换字符串中的元素str1 = Were going to study Matlab!;str1(16:20) = learn% 将study替换为learn，注意study是从第16个位置开始的运行结果：str1 =Were going to learnMatlab!取出字符串的子串str1 = Were going to study Matlab!;str2 = str1(16:20)运行结果：str2 = learn字符串顺序的倒排str1 = Were going to study Matlab!;str3 = str1(end:-1:1)运行结果：str3=!baltaMnraelotgniogereW字符串字符的ASCII值与字符相互转换字符串的元素存放的是字符的ASCII码值，显示在屏幕上的是字符本身。从字符到ASCII码：double( ) 从ASCII码到字符：char( )str1 = Were going to study Matlab!;ustr1 = double(s1)str4 = char(us1)zhstr1 = 中文字符串示例！;double(zhstr1)运行结果：ustr1 = Columns 1 through 15 87 101 39 114 101 32 103 111 105 110 103 32 116 111 32 Columns 16 through 28 108 101 97 114 110 32 77 97 116 108 97 98 33str4 =Were going to learn Matlab!ans = 20013 25991 23383 31526 20018 31034 2036365281字符串英文字母转换大小写str1 = Were going to study Matlab!;upper(str1) % 全变为大写lower(str1) % 全变为小写运行结果：ans =WERE GOING TO LEARN MATLAB!ans = were going to lear