语法--虚拟语气.pptVIP

虚拟形式一：条件虚拟 虚拟语气(二) * * 1、主句和从句的时态搭配(以动词do为例) …would/could/might/should + do… …should/were to + do… 与将来事实可能相反 将来时 …would/could/might/should + have done… …had done… 与过去事实相反 过去时 …would/could/might/should + do… …did (be动词用 were形式)… 与现在事实相反 现在时 主 句 if 条件从句 谓语形式 时 间 If the earth had no gravity, the moon would fly to the sun. (如果地球没有引力，月球就会飞向太阳。) If I were you, I would reconsider their proposal. (如果我是你，我会重新考虑他们的建议。) If she hadn’t taken your advice, she would have made such a bad mistake. (她如果听了你的忠告，就不会犯这样大的错误了。) I could have done it better if I had been more careful. (要是我更细心点，就能做得更好了。) If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again. (如果他失败了，我们会鼓励他再试试。) If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. (如果我来做，我会用一种不同的方法去做。) 混合虚拟现象：If I helped her today, she should rely on me tomorrow. (如果我今天帮了她，明天她就会依赖我。) If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be well now. (如果你昨天吃了药，现在身体就好了。) 2、从句中的省略倒装现象 ( be /do ) If + 主语 + were / had / should + … Were / Had / Should + 主语 + … If he had not been ill, he might have come. (要不是生病，他是会来的。) Had he not been ill, … If it were not for his help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. (如果不是因为他的帮助，我们就克服不了这些困难。) Were it not for his help, … 3、介词短语、连词或副词表示的假设条件 without(=if…not…), with(=if…), but for(=if it were not for…), under, but, or, but that, otherwise, in that case, etc. Without air, there would be no wind or cloud. (没有空气就不会有风，也不会有云。) In that case we could have done the work better. (如果是那样的话，我们本可能把工作做得更好些的。) But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. (要是没有碰上暴雨，我们还会早一点到达的。) …that+主语+ (should)+动词原形 … 1、在表示建议、命令、要求、请求、意愿等意义的 动词 suggest[建议], propose[建议], advise[建议]， insist [坚持], recommend [推荐], order [命令], command [命令], require [要求], request [要求], demand [要求], prefer [希望，宁愿]等词后的 宾语从句的谓语中； He commanded that we (should) attack the enemy at once. (他命令我们立即向敌人进攻。) They demanded that the right to vote (s