中石油职称英语16版选读第15课知识点整理及习题.docxVIP

15. Conventional Petroleum Reservoir 1. A petroleum reservoir, or oil and gas reservoir, is a subsurface pool of hydrocarbons contained in permeable, porous or fractured rock formations, with most reservoir rocks being limestones, dolomites, sandstones, or a combination of these. The three basic types of hydrocarbon reservoirs are oil, gas, and condensate. The formation of petroleum reservoirs can be divided into four stages:1．油藏或油气藏，是储藏于地下渗透性、孔隙性或有裂缝的地层中的碳水化合物。大部分储集岩是石灰岩、白云岩、沙岩或混合性岩石。油气藏有三种基本类型：油藏、气藏和凝析气藏。油藏的形成可以分为以下四个阶段： 1) With burial of plankton, algae and other protein rich life forms under layers of sand and mud at a source rock, and continuous accumulation of sand, the buried material heats up at 500°C to 700°C.1)浮游生物、海藻或其他富含蛋白质的生物埋藏于烃源岩砂泥层中，随着沙子的不断沉积，埋藏生物温度上升到50至70摄氏度。 2) High temperature, combined with pressure, triggers a cooking process.2) 地下高温、高压触发了“蒸煮”的生油过程。3) Eventually, the buried residue transforms into liquid hydrocarbons. 3)最后，埋藏的生物残骸会转换成流体状的烃类物质。 4) Later on they migrate from the source rock to porous rocks and get trapped in impermeable layers of rock.4)然后，这些烃类物质从烃源岩运移到有孔隙的岩石，并且成藏于非渗透性岩层之间。 2. Oil Reservoir. An oil reservoir generally contains three fluids - gas, oil, and water - with oil the dominant product. In the typical oil reservoir, these fluids occur in different phases because of the variance in their gravities. Gas, the lightest, occupies the upper part of the reservoir rocks; water, the lower part; and oil, the intermediate section.2．油藏。油藏通常有三种流体：油、气和水，其中油是主要产品。这三种流体由于重力差异呈现不同的形态，三者中最轻的气处在油藏的最上部；水处在最底部；油位于中间。 3. Although the structural traps in which oil accumulates exist in various forms, the oil usually occurs in association with gas and salt water. A certain amount of water always occurs together with the oil in the middle zone. The proportion of water to oil is usually about 10 to 30 percent. Water also occurs in the gas cap, but the proportion of water to gas is frequently lower than the proportion of wa