光晶格中超流费米气体的能带结构和Bloch波.pdfVIP

A bstract Currently, experiments on ultracold Fermi gases are rapidly advancing toward the realization of superfluid states in optical lattices. The Fermi gases can be changed contin­ uously from a Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC) to a BCS superfluid by using the Feshbach resonance technique. Now, the superfluidity of ultracold fermions in optical lattices has been established. In such a superfluid system, people have given many theoretical efforts on the crossover from the BEC state to the BCS state in optical lattices, such as the Bloch oscillations, the superfluid-insulator transition, the collective excitations, the thermody­ namic properties, and the stability. The intrinsically localized excitations [i.e., gap soliton in one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) optical lattices, self-trapping, and stable-moving soliton and breather in three-dimensional (3D) optical lattices] are also presented. In the first part, Bloch band and stabilities of Bloch waves of superfluid Fermi gases in one-dimensional periodic optical lattices are discussed. Within the hydrodynamical theory and the two-mode approximation, the Bloch band structure, the energetic and dynamical instabilities of Bloch waves at the first Brilliouin zone are presented. The results show that, when the atom density is beyond a critical value, a loop structure in the Bloch band at the zone edge is developed along the BCS-BEC crossover. The Bloch band structure and the stabilities of Bloch waves are modified dramatically when the system crosses from the BCS side to the BEC side, and they can be adjusted to the required characteristics by changing the atom’s interaction (with the Feshbach resonance technique), the atom density, and the lattice parameters. The analytical expressions of the critical atom density for exciting the loop structure and maintaining the stabilities of Bloch waves are obtained. Secondly