基于BIM的小型节能建筑生命周期环境影响和成本分析.pdf

2017.2 South Architecture / 南方建筑 / G B BI BI L L E E B L 　被动式超低能耗建筑通过被动式设计策略、高性能的围护结构和高效的设备体系降低其使用阶段能耗。零能耗建筑在此 基础上，采用太阳能光伏发电等可再生能源系统，进一步降低不可再生能源消耗。这两类节能建筑的材料和设备系统的隐含能 耗、环境影响和成本通常高于一般建筑，同时对构件的后期维护和替换提出了更高的要求。因此，有必要从生命周期的范畴分 析其环境和经济效益。建筑信息模型（BIM）能够为建筑项目的建造、运行和拆解等阶段提供多专业共享的数据平台。本文基 于 BIM，通过 LCA 和 LCC 方法对一座小型住宅建筑在不同节能目标情景下的生命周期全球变暖潜势值（GWP）、一次能耗（PE） 和成本（LCC）进行分析和比较。结果表明，零能耗乃至正能源建筑在降低一次能耗和 GWP 方面具有明显优势，被动式超低 能耗建筑也具有良好的环境效益。在经济效益方面，由于住宅建筑能源价格较低，如果按近年的价格指数计算，零能耗建筑和 被动式超低能耗建筑的初建成本和后期构件替换成本增量将抵消其使用阶段节约的能耗成本，因此生命周期成本高于普通节能 建筑。如果未来 50 年能源价格涨幅超过建筑安装价格涨幅，那么零能耗建筑在生命周期成本方面将具有优势。 　小型建筑；建筑信息模型（BIM）；生命周期评价（LCA）；生命周期成本（LCC） ABSTRACT　Passive extra-low energy consumption buildings reduce their operation cost through passive design strategies, high-performing building envelopes, and efficient mechanical systems. Zero energy consumption buildings further reduce non-renewable energy consumption by applying renewable energy systems such as PV modules. These two types of energy efficient buildings often have higher hidden energy consumption, environmental impact and cost in both building materials and equipments, and have higher requirements in maintenance and replacement of building parts. Thus, it is necessary to analyze their resource consumption and environmental impact across their entire life cycle. Building Information Modeling (BIM) can provide a inter-disciplinary data platform that could be shared among design, construction, operation, and demolition stages of a building project. By integrating BIM with LCA and LCC methods, the GWP, PE, and LCC values of a small scale residential building under three different energy-saving scenarios are analyzed and compared. The results show that zero energy consumption buildings and PlusEnergy Buildings have obvious advantages in lowering their PE and GWP values, whi