合材料的制备技术和界面反应与控制.pdf

特种铸造及有色合金980403 特种铸造及有色合金 科技期刊 SPECIAL CASTING NONFERROUS ALLOYS 1998年 第4期 No.4 1998 颗粒增强金属基复合材料的制备技术和界面反应与控制 ** 孙国雄 　廖恒成　潘　冶 摘　要　金属基复合材料被誉为21世纪的材料，其中短纤维或陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料(PRMMCs)更具有吸引 力。铝合金和镁合金是基体材料的最佳候选者，而陶瓷颗粒由于具有优异的性能倍受青睐。在金属基体中加入增 强相，可以提高材料的强度、弹性模量、硬度、耐磨性，降低热膨胀系数，改善高温性能和抗疲劳性，然而会导 致材料的塑性、韧性下降。近年来，发展了许多制备技术，根据工艺的温度可分为三类：液相工艺、固相工艺和 液-固两相工艺。增强相与基体之间的界面反应取决于制备工艺、增强相与基体材料的组成、温度和时间等因素， 反过来又对制备工艺和材料的性能产生重要的影响，控制界面反应使之有利于制备工艺和材料的性能是研究的重 要目标之一。本文重点对颗粒增强金属基复合材料研究中制备技术和界面反应与控制等热点问题进行分析讨论。 关键词：金属基复合材料　制备工艺　界面反应与控制 Fabrication Processes and Control of Interfacial Reaction of Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites Sun Guoxiong　Liao Hengcheng　Pan Ye (Southeast University) ABSTRACT　Metal matrix composite may be one of the most attractive engineering materials in 21st century. More attention is paid to short fiber and ceramic particulate reinforced metal matrix composites. Aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys are the best candidates for matrix, while ceramic particulate is in the investigators good graces due to its excellent properties. Addition of reinforcement in metal matrix could lead to the increase of strength, modulus, hardness and wear resistance, the improvement of the performances at elevated temperature and fatigue strength, and the decrease of the coefficient of thermal expansion, but to the decrease of ductility and toughness. Over the last two decades, a variety of techniques has been evolved in an attempt to successfully manufacturing particulate reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMCs) and to optimizing the microstr