人体解剖生理基础剖析.ppt

公共营养师培训 于颖慧 ehcoy@126.COM 张家港市疾病预防控制中心 第二章 医学基础 第一节 人体解剖生理基础 Levels of Organization Organization of life The cell is the unit of life Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems organisms Overview: Cells to Organ Systems Cell Cytoplasm Cytosol Organelles Inclusion Dissolved Insoluble Cell Membrane Overview: Cells to Organ Systems Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) ad Ribosomes Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis conversion Rough ER: Ribosomes, protein assembly transport vesicles ribosome Golgi Apparatus Membranous Organelles: Create cell compartments Internal lumen and membranes for protected reactions Mitochondria: Generates cell energy (ATP) , have DNA Cytoplasmic Vesicles Lysosomes Enzymes Intracellular digestion Peroxisomes Hydrogen peroxide Detoxification Fatty acid degradation Nucleus Nuclear envelope Nuclear pore complex Chromatin DNA form genes Nucleoli DNA concentrations Control RNA synthesis Nucleus Primary Tissue Types Tissue defined: Matrix Tissue types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous Epithelial Tissues Defined: Types: Exchange Transport Ciliated Protective Epithelial Tissues Connective Tissues (CT) Defined: Loose CT example Matrix Fibers their functions Fibroblast cells Collagen Elastin Fibrillin Fibronectin Connective Tissues (CT) More Connective Tissues Dense connective tissue Tendons ligaments Collagen dominates More Connective Tissues Adipose connective tissue Adipocytes Fat vacuoles Blood Plasma matrix Free blood cells More Connective Tissues Supporting Connective Tissues Cartilage Light flexible Trachea ears Bone Calcified Rigid Connective Tissues Reviewed Supporting Connective Tissues Muscle Tissues Contractile Force Movement Excitable- they conduct signals Types Cardiac Smooth Skeletal Nervous Tissues Neurons send signals Excitable Electrical Chemical Glial cells support Organ Systems In Review Circulatory Digestive Endocrine Immune Integumentary Musculoskeletal Nervous Reproductive Urinary 胃底腺 第二节 肺外呼吸道 一、鼻 (一) 外鼻 鼻根、鼻背、鼻尖、鼻翼、鼻唇沟