基于单片机的直流电机调速控制.docVIP

编 号： 审定成绩： 重庆邮电大学 毕业设计（论文） 设计（论文）题目： 基于单片机的直流电机调速控制 专 业 ： 电气工程与自动化 班 级 ： 0830901 填表时间： 2013 年 5 月 重庆邮电大学教务处制  摘 要 直流电机在各行各业都发挥着重要的作用，而电机转速是直流电机重要的性能指标之一，因而测量直流电机的转速和对直流电机进行调速，使它满足人们的各种需要显得十分的重要 本设计以数字PID为基本控制算法，以AT89S52单片机为控制核心，通过软件产生占空比并受数字PID算法控制的PWM脉冲来实现对直流电机转速的控制。同时通过光电传感器对电机进行脉冲计数，并将其反馈到单片机中，实现转速闭环控制，达到转速无静差调节的目的。在系统中采1602LCD显示器作为显示部件，通过独立键盘设置P、I、D三个参数和正反转控制及启动停止控制，启动后可以通过显示部件了解电机当前的转速。该系统控制精度较高，具有很强的抗干扰能力。本次设计流程是根据系统框图建立电路原理图，根据程序流程图编写程序，并通过proteus进行仿真，最后进行系统硬的调试。 通过本次设计完成了电路的硬件设计，实现了电机正反转控制，对电机设定，转速进行显示，。 关键词直流电机 数字PID PWM脉冲 单片机 ABSTRACT DC motors in all walks of life play an important role, and DC motor speed is an important indicator of the performance, and thus measure the speed of the DC motor and DC motor speed control, so that it meets the various needs of people is very important. The design of the basic digital PID control algorithm to AT89S52 microcontroller core, generated by software and are subject to the duty cycle of the PWM digital PID control algorithm to achieve the pulse DC motor speed control. While the motor through the photoelectric sensor pulse count, and feedback to the microcontroller to achieve closed-loop speed control, to achieve speed static error adjustment purposes. Collected in the system as a display unit 1602LCD display, keyboard settings through independent P, I, D three parameters and reversing control and start stop control that can be launched via the display unit to understand the current motor speed. The system control precision is high, has a strong anti-interference ability. The design process is established according to the system block diagram circuit diagram, flow chart programming according to the program, and the system has been through proteus simulation using Matlab obtained for different parameters for graphic simulation speed to find more suitable PID values Finally the welding circuit board, and the syst