医学英语 课后翻译及词汇整理.docVIP

Lesson three Furthermore,pathology is concerned with the sequence of events that leads from cause to structural and functional abnormalities and finally to manifestations.this sequence is referred to as the pathogenesis of disease.this term etiology means the study of causes.it is commonly misused as a synonym for cause. 此外，病理学是跟事件发生的顺序有关。从引起结构和功能异常到最后临床表现。这个顺序被称为疾病的病因。病因学是指对原因的研究。经常被误用为原因。 if possible, a diagnosis should be the name of the disease that the patient has,e .g ., multiple sclerosis . 如果可能的话，诊断应该是病人所患疾病的名称。例如，多发性硬化。 3.laboratory abnormalities in the broad sense refers to the observations made by tests or special procedures,such as X-rays ,blood counts ,or biopsies.实验室异常广义上说是指通过实验或者特殊程序获得的观察，例如X射线，血细胞计数或者活检。 the range of abnormalities in this category is very broad,extending from deformities present at birth to biochemical changes caused by genes but influenced by environment so they appear later in life,e.g.,diabetes mellitus.这一类别的异常表现范围很广，从出生时的畸形直到因基因引起，但受环境因素影响向到后来才表现出来的生化变化，如糖尿病。 acquired injuries and inflammatory diseases are diseases due to internal or external forces or agents that destroy cells or intercellular substances ,deposit abnormal substances,or cause the body to injure it self by means of the inflammatory process.获得性损伤和炎症性疾病，是因为内部或外部的力或因子破坏细胞或细胞间的物质，使异常物质（异物或体内产生的物质）沉积、或通过炎症过程使机体损伤自身所致的疾病。 neoplasms are divided into two groups ,benign and malignant ,based on whether they will remain localized or will contine to grow and spread .cancer is synonymous with malignant neoplasm .the situation is made more complicated by certain types of hyperplasias that slowly evolve,presumably through a series of genetic changes induced by external agents ,into malignant neoplasms.肿瘤可分为两类，良性的和恶性的，判断依据是它们是限于局部还是不断生长和增殖，癌症即恶性肿瘤。由于某些增生类型可能是通过外部因素诱发的一系列基因变化而缓慢演化成恶性肿瘤的，这使得情况更复杂。 7.the more mental illnesses are investigated ,the more it is appreciated that there is likely to be an organic basis (on a biochemical level)to many of them.the most common functional d