性别教育.pptVIP

3. THE RELATIONSHIP OF GENDER GAPS TO GENDER EQUALITY DONG HONGLI Inequalities women experience in both education and in society the problem of boys’ underachievement Continuing gender inequalities Gender stereotypes(刻板印象): Men : sciences (except for Biological Sciences) Women : arts Men : Engineering and Technology Women : Education and the Humanities Gender stereotypes(further): Men : mathematical sciences, agriculture, engineering technology. Women: medicine, social sciences ,creative arts . JOBS Women formed 69 % or more of administrative secretarial, personal service, and sales customer service occupations. Men made up 69 % or more of managers senior officials, skilled trades，plant machine operatives Earns Womens jobs often command lower wages than ‘men’s work,’ leading to inequalities in pay and income. Even with relative equality in levels of qualification, the gender pay gap is still in existence female employees working full time earn on average nineteen percent less than the average hourly earnings of male full-time employees Boys Achievement Debate and Gender Difference firstly the literacy (识字、读写能力)gap secondly the different pattern of male and female success in achieving 5 or more higher grade GCSEs have become the focus of schools aiming to raise performance levels in the market. Feminisation（雌化） Evidence for this ‘feminisation’ is identified in the fact that the majority of primary teaching staff are female. Although women have always made up a majority of the primary teaching force, in recent years there has been a decline in the number of men entering the sector and a slight increase in the number of women. In 2002, women primary teachers outnumbered men by 5 to 1. Re-masculinised schools are becoming ‘re-masculinised’ through the emphasis on testing and assessment, performance indicators, and stratified and hierarchical（分层的） management and administrat