校本讲座英语句子成分及练习课件.ppt

一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 二）主语： 主语 (Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。（但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。） 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。例如： Three plus two is five. It is a great pleasure to swim in the river Smoking does harm to the health. There are many students in my class. Are you a student? Here comes the bus. He can do it and so can I . Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. （主语从句） （三）谓语 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students. （四）表语 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动词ing、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如： 1.The weather has turned cold. 2. The speech is exciting. （五）宾语 宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 5.He pretended not to see me. 6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 7.I think（that）he is fit for his office. （六）宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（Object Complement），才能使句子的意义完整。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）。 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： 1.His father named him Dongming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3. Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We often hear the song sung by him. 7.We found everything in the lab in good order. 8.We will soon make our city what your city is now. （七）定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示： 1.Guilin is a beautiful city. 2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country. 3.There are thirty women teachers in our sc