现煤气发生炉生产设计.docVIP

煤气发生炉毕业论文 题 目 煤气发生炉生产设计 系 别 化工系 专 业 化学工程与工艺 目 录 1 发生炉煤气概况········································2 2 发生炉煤气分类········································2 2．1 空气煤气··············································2 2．2 水煤气发生炉煤气······································2 2．3 混合发生炉煤气········································2 3 发生炉煤气的工艺流程··································3 4 反应过程原理及化学反应································4 4．1 炉内料层性质变化······································4 4．2 化学反应··············································5 5 技术指标··············································6 5．1 煤气质量指标··········································6 5．2 炉内气化各层次要求···································6 6 煤质量要求···········································6 6．1 煤的粒度，机械强度及热稳定性·························6 6．2 灰分、灰熔点及结渣性·································7 7 衡算实例·············································8 7．1 已知的原始数据·······································8 7．2 物料衡算·············································8 7．3 热量衡算·············································11 7．3．1 供热方···············································11 7．3．2 付热方···············································12 7．4 气化效率·············································13 7．5 热效率···············································13 8 安全知识·············································14 参考文献··············································15 致谢………………………………………………………………….15 1 发生炉煤气概况 发生炉煤气是以固体燃料（以煤为主）气化而得到的一种气体，其主要用于治金、机械、陶瓷、玻璃、化工和电子工业等方面可作燃料气，合成原料气，目前有些矿区及远离城市的工业企业的居民作为民用气（但必须采用安全措施），使用发生炉煤气后既能消除烟尘污染，改善环境卫生，又能节约能源，提高产品质量和产量，减轻劳动强度，降低经济成本，效果比较显著。 煤的气化过程是一热化学过程，是煤或煤焦与气化剂（空气，氧气，水蒸气，氢等）在高温下发生化学反应将煤或煤焦中有机物转变为煤气的过程。该过程是在高温、高压下进行的一个复杂的多相物理化学过程。通过煤炭气化方法可以利用煤中所含的几乎全部有机物质，是获得基本有机化学工业原料的重要途径。 煤气是指气化剂通过炽热固体燃料层时，所含游离氧或结合氧将燃料中的碳转化成可燃性气体。 2 发生炉煤气分类 根据使用气化剂和热值不同可分下列三种： 2．1空气煤气发生炉煤气 采用纯空气鼓风为气化剂透入煤气发生炉内与煤反应所获得的煤气称空气煤气，