高考复习主谓一致.pptVIP

复习重点 1. 主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 2. 分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。 基础知识 一、主谓一致的原则 主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则： 1. 语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 2. 意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。 3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。 二、主谓一致的具体应用 1. 名词作主语 ★ 集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等。有些集合名词如cattle, people, police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The team is the best in the league. ★单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词有：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means, works（工厂）等。如： There are ten sheep on the farm, but there are only four goats. ★表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科（maths，physics等）、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如： Maths is one of the most important courses in the senior school. The Times is Britain’s oldest national daily. ★ 表示成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，这类名词有：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： A pair of trousers is on the bed. ★当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如： Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. ★“the +形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，这类词有wounded, rich, unemployed, blind等。如：The unemployed lead a miserable life. ★如果主语由more than one ... 或many a ... 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数形式；在“more than +复数名词”或“more +复数名词+ than one”结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： Many a playwright is satisfied with the play. More than one person has been concerned in this. 2. 代词作主语 ★由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代词something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如： Each book was in its proper place. ★关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数一致。如： He is one of the students who were late this morning. He is the only one of the students who was late this morning.? ★ all, most, none, some等作主语时，其谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如： Most of his spare time was spent in reading. All of my cl