国际经济学贸易政策的工具_08.pptxVIP

Chapter 8;Key Terms;Key Terms;Introduction Basic Tariff Analysis Costs and Benefits of a Tariff Other Instruments of Trade Policy The Effects of Trade Policy: A Summary Summary;Introduction;Classification of Commercial Policy Instruments ;Basic Tariff Analysis;Basic Tariff Analysis;Basic Tariff Analysis;Modern governments usually prefer to protect domestic industries through a variety of nontariff barriers, such as: Import quotas(进口配额) Limit the quantity of imports Export restraints（出口限制） Limit the quantity of exports ;Supply, Demand, and Trade in a Single Industry Suppose that there are two countries (Home and Foreign). Both countries consume and produce wheat, which can be costless transported between the countries. In each country, wheat is a competitive industry. Suppose that in the absence of trade the price of wheat at Home exceeds the corresponding price at Foreign. This implies that shippers begin to move wheat from Foreign to Home. The export of wheat raises its price in Foreign and lowers its price in Home until the initial difference in prices has been eliminated.;To determine the world price (Pw) and the quantity trade (Qw), two curves are defined: Home import demand curve Shows the maximum quantity of imports the Home country would like to consume at each price of the imported good. That is, the excess of what Home consumers demand over what Home producers supply: MD = D(P) – S(P) Foreign export supply curve Shows the maximum quantity of exports Foreign would like to provide the rest of the world at each price. That is, the excess of what Foreign producers supply over what foreign consumers demand: XS = S*(P*) – D*(P*);Fig. 8-1: Deriving Home’s Import Demand Curve;Properties of the import demand curve: It intersects the vertical axis at the closed economy price of the importing country. It is downward sloping. It is flatter than the domestic demand curve in the importing country. ;Fig. 8-2: Deriving Foreign’s Export Supply Curve;Properties of the expor