linux中的各类括号的感化(国外英文资料).docVIP

linux中的各种括号的作用 In Linux (), [], [], [[]], {} () command group. The command list in parentheses will run as a subshell. In the variable in parentheses, because it is in a subshell, so for the rest of the script is not available. The parent process, namely the script itself, will not be able to read the variables created in the child process, also is in a subshell create variables. (cmd1; cmd2; cmd3) Initialize the array. Array = (element1 element2 element3) $(...) The equivalent of `... ` command, return in parentheses the results of the command execution The let command (()) : ((...)) structure can be used to calculate and test the result of an arithmetic expression. Exit status and [...] structure will be completely the opposite! It can also be applied to the c style for, while loop, (()), all the variables (plus no $) are numeric values. $((...)) of the structure of the expression is the expression of C style, the return value is the result of the expression, including variable references can be without a $ (of course) For ((...)) The do CMD The done While ((...)) The do CMD The done Comparison operators ( $a $b ) Less than or equal to ( $a = $b )) is greater than the ( $a $b ) = greater than or equal to ( $a = $b )) (((0)) Echo Exit status of \ ((0)) \ is $?. # 1 (1) Echo Exit status of \ ((1)) \ is $?. # 0 (( 4) 5) # Echo Exit status of \ ((5 4)) \ is $? # 0 (9) ( 5) # false Echo Exit status of \ ((5 9)) \ is $? # 1 ((5-5)) # 0 Echo Exit status of \ ((5-5)) \ is $? # 1 (#) (5/4) division can also. Echo Exit status of \ ((5/4)) \ is $? # 0 (1/2)) the calculation result of # division 1. Echo Exit status of \ ((1/2)) \ is $?.. # 1 ((1/0)) # 2 / dev/null divisor is 0, illegal calculation. # Echo Exit status of \ ((1/0)) \ is $?. # 1 For (a = 1; a = LIMIT; a + +) # double parentheses, and there is no $ in front of the LIMIT variable. The do Echo - n $a The done A while ((a = LIMIT)) # double parentheses, the variable has no $ before the variable. The d