函数的联系性连续函数的性质.ppt

§2 连续函数的性质 一、连续函数的局部性质 §3 初等函数的连续性 一、指数函数的连续性 二、初等函数的连续性 在本章，你将会学到： 通货膨胀的古典理论 causes effects social costs “Classical” – 假定价格是flexible markets clear. 适用于the long run. U.S. inflation its trend, 1960-2001 U.S. inflation its trend, 1960-2001 货币和价格的联系 Inflation rate = 一般价格水平的百分比变化 price = 购买一件商品的货币数量. 因为价格是用货币定义的，我们需要考虑货币的性质、货币供给和如何控制货币供给。 Money: definition Money is the stock of assets that can be readily used to make transactions货币是用于各种交易活动的资产存量。 Money: functions medium of exchange交易媒介 we use it to buy stuff “流动性liquidity” ：The ease with which an asset can be converted into the medium of exchange and used to buy other things—goods and services. 2. store of value价值储藏 transfers purchasing power from the present to the future unit of account计量单位 the common unit by which everyone measures prices and values Money: types fiat money 法定货币 has no intrinsic value 没有内在价值 example: the paper currency we use commodity money 商品货币 has intrinsic value 有内在价值 examples: gold coins, cigarettes in P.O.W. camps Discussion Question Which of these are money? a. Currency b. Checks c. Deposits in checking accounts (called demand deposits) d. Credit cards Certificates of deposit (called time deposits) Debit cards The money supply monetary policy The money supply is the quantity of money available in the economy. Monetary policy is the control over the money supply. The central bank Monetary policy is conducted by a country’s central bank. Money supply measures, April 2002 _Symbol Assets included Amount (billions)_ C Currency $598.7 M1 C + demand deposits, 1174.0 travelers’ checks, other checkable deposits M2 M1 + small time deposits, 5480.1 savings deposits,  money market mutual funds,  money market deposit accounts M3 M2 + large time deposits, 8054.4 repurchase agreements,  institutional money market mutual fund balances 货币数量论 一个简单的关于通货膨胀率和货币供给增长率的关系的理论。 首先了解“速度”的概念： Velocity 基本概念：货币流通的速度（流转率） 定义：给定一定