壳和贝的.ppt

Nautilus /鹦鹉螺 节肢动物门/ARTHROPODS Largest phylum of animals more than a million species discovered several millions undiscovered Merostomata/肢口纲，如鲎 Arachnoida/蛛形纲，如蜘蛛 Crustacea/甲壳纲，如对虾 Myriapoda/多足纲，如蜈蚣 Insecta/昆虫纲，如蝴蝶 Tirlobita/三叶虫纲，已灭绝 甲壳动物/crustaceans68000多种 甲壳动物/crustaceans Copepods/ 桡足类 Barnacles/藤壶 Amphipods/端足类 Isopods/等足类 Krill/磷虾类 Shrimps/虾类 Lobsters/龙虾类 Crabs/蟹类 Hermit crab/寄居蟹类 Characteristic of arthropoda节肢动物特征 Body segmented and bilaterally symmetrical 体分节，两侧对称 Body flexible and jointed appendages 体可弯曲，各节有附肢 Tough, non-living external skeleton-exoskeleton 外被坚硬、无活性的外骨骼—外甲（甲壳） Must molt to grow 体需先蜕皮再增长 Characteristic of crustacean甲壳动物特征 Majority of marine arthropods 海洋节肢动物的主要类群 Specialized for life in water 几乎终身生活水中 two pairs of antenna 有两对触角 Gill for breathe 鳃呼吸 Chitinous skeleton hardened by calcium carbonate 甲壳为碳酸钙硬化的几丁质 Appendages for swimming, crawling, mating, feeding, attaching 附肢用于游泳，爬行，交配，摄食和打斗 morphology of crustacean 甲壳动物形态结构 Nomenclature/学术名词 Cephalothorax/头胸部 Abdomen/腹部 Telson/尾部 Antenna/触角 Maxillipeds/颚足 Pereiopods/胸足、步足 Pleopods/腹足、游泳足 Uropods/尾足 Cheliped/螯足 Claw/钳、螯 Appendage/ 附肢 Brain/脑 Mouth/口 Stomach/胃 Heart/心脏 Nerve cord/神经索 Gonad/性腺 Gonad duct/性腺管 Testis/精巢 Intestine/肠道 Anus/肛门 Digestive gland/消化腺 Main group of crustacean 甲壳动物主要类群 small crustacean (plankton) Copepods/ 桡足类 Barnacles/藤壶 Amphipods/端足类 Isopods/等足类 Krill/磷虾类 Large crustacean (swimming, crawling) Shrimps/虾类 Lobsters/龙虾类 Crabs/蟹类 Hermit crab/寄居蟹类 Copepoda/桡足类 Barnacles/藤壶类 Ampipods/端足类 Isopods/等足类 Krill or euphausiids/磷虾类 Shrimp/ 虾类 Lobster/ 龙虾类 Crab/蟹类 Hermit crab/ 寄居蟹 五、后生动物的演化进程 海绵动物 腔肠动物 扁形动物 纽形动物 线形动物 软体动物 环节动物 节肢动物 棘皮动物 脊索动物 脊椎动物 鱼类 两栖类 爬行类 鸟类 哺乳类 灵长类 人类 Abundant and important plankton Filter out or capture food Enlarged first antennae keep from sinking Many species are parasitic Body enclose