衔接与连贯解释.pptVIP

衔接 “衔接”这一概念是Halliday于1962年首次提出的。后来在他与Hasan合著的Cohesion in English一书中把衔接定义为“存在于篇章内部，使之成为语篇的意义关系。他们认为，衔接是产生语篇的必要的条件在他们看来，有了衔接不一定产生语篇，但是如果没有衔接则一定不会产生语篇。 他们系统地将衔接分为五大类：照应（reference）、替代（substitution）、省略（ellipsis）、连接（conjunction）及词汇衔接（lexical cohesion）。其中前三类属于语法手段，第四类属于逻辑手段，最后一类属于词汇衔接手段。 语法衔接 1. 指代reference personal reference demonstrative reference comparative references Personal reference Personal reference is reference by means of function in situation. The following are personal references: Masculine: he/him, his Feminine: she/her, hers Neuter: it/its Generalized human: they/them/theirs/their Examples (1) A: How old is your son? B: He is seven. (2) A: How old is your son? B: She is playing in the garden. (3) A:Claire and Kent climbed Mt. McKinley last summer. B: She photographed the peak, and he surveyed it. Demonstrative reference Demonstrative reference is a reference by means of location. E.g. Leave that there and come here. These are my favorites and those are my favorites too. Comparative references Comparative references is reference by mean s of comparison. The following are comparative references:as ,such,so,likewise,similarly,otherwise,else,differently,bigger,more ,less,better… Examples Child A: The cat runs real fast. Child B: No, the lion runs much faster. Child A: The cat is faster, the lion doesn’t even run. Child B: No, the lion is the fastest. My dad said this. This is the case of comparative reference. 2. 替代substitution This biscuits are stale. Get some fresh ones.(名词性替代） “ if you have seen them so often, of course you know what they’re like.” “I believe so,” Alice replied thoughtfully.（分句性替代） 3. 省略ellipsis (zero substitution) “how many hours a day did you do lessons? said Alice. ” I did that ten hours the first day,” said Tom.（分句性省略） 逻辑衔接 4. 连接conjunction A. 通过标点符号衔接 I came, I saw , I conquered.( Julius Ceaser) The sun is growing warm, frogs are wakin