shl20—2.45—400—wⅰ型自然循环蒸汽锅炉大学论文.doc

SHL20-2.45/400-WⅠ型自然循环蒸汽锅炉设计 摘 要 锅炉是发电、化工及机械制造等工业部门的重要能源、热源的动力设备。锅炉由许多部件组成，包括锅筒，过热器，空气预热器,省煤器等。 本次设计的任务是设计SHL20-2.45/400-WⅠ锅炉，为双锅筒自然循环蒸汽锅炉。炉膛四周布置有水冷壁，为保证炉膛中持续和稳定的燃烧，采用高而短的前拱和低而长的后拱。在炉膛之后设有蒸汽过热器，上下锅筒之间布置密集的对流锅炉管束，为主要受热面。尾部烟道布置有省煤器和空气预热器。布置省煤器以降低排烟温度,提高锅炉效率.布置空气预热器,加强着火和燃烧,同时也可以降低排烟温度,提高锅炉效率。燃料为一类无烟煤，其低位发热量为18187kJ/kg。 在整个设计过程中作为技术支持进行了热力计算、强度计算和烟风阻力计算。为了使小型锅炉的结构紧凑，大部分受热面都布置在炉膛内,同时，还要确保有一定的气密性以保证炉膛内进行负压燃烧。 利用CAD,完成了锅炉总图、 炉墙图、上锅筒展开图、本体图、集箱图。 关键词 蒸汽锅炉；设计；热力计算；强度计算；烟风阻力计算 Design for the netural circulation steam boiler SHW20-2.45/400-WⅠ Abstract The demand on Security and economy on energy of industry production have become important topic attended by society with development of native economy. The boiler is made up of many department, include drum , superheater，air-preheater, economizer and so on. The theme of this document is to design a stream boiler, whose type is SHW20-2.45/400-WⅠ，The boiler is double-drum natural circulation steam boiler. around the furnace are water walls, To ensure the good and continuous ignition in the furnace, I take a high and short front arch, shile the back arch is low and long. Behind the furnace is the steam superheater. There are dense tube nest between the two drums,which compose the main heat-delivery surface. In the back stake flue, I set the economizer and air-preheater. Set the economizer to decline the tenperatuer of the stack gas and improve the efficiency in the furnace and set the air-preheater to strengthen ignition and firing, meantime to decline the temperature of the stack gas and improve the efficiency in the furnace. The design fuel is the number one anthracite, whose lower radiation value is 18187kJ/kg. Throughout the design process as a technical support for the thermodynamic calculation, strength calculation and the smoke wind resistance calculation. To enable small boiler compact structure, most of the heating surface are installed in the hearth, meanwhi