基于水合物技术的模拟钢铁厂烟气中二氧化碳捕获研究大学论文.doc

基于水合物技术的模拟钢铁厂烟气中二氧化碳捕获研究 Capture of Carbon Dioxide from Simulated Power Plant Flue Gas Based on Clathrate Hydrate Technology 摘要： 近年来由于温室效应以及气候改变对人类生产生活的影响日益加剧，以CO2为主的温室气体减排逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。目前CO2排放主要来源于化石能源的燃烧，所以CO2减排的首要措施就是捕获和掩埋钢铁厂烟气中的CO2。水合物法捕获CO2是一种新型分离技术，它是利用烟气中CO2和N2生成水合物的相平衡条件的差异，选择性地使CO2和水生成固态的水合物，从而与气相中的N2分离，该技术具有分离效率高、过程简单等优点。本文分别以四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)、四丁基氟化铵(TBAF)以及环戊烷(CP)为添加剂，测定了TBAB和TBAF存在时CO2以及模拟钢铁厂烟气(CO2/N2)生成水合物的相平衡条件，考察TBAB、TBAF以及环戊烷存在下CO2/N2生成水合物的动力学特性以及CO2分离性能，为开发高效快速、低能耗水合物法捕获烟气中CO2工艺技术提供理论依据。 关键词：水合物；CO2捕获；四丁基溴化铵；四丁基氟化铵；环戊烷；钢铁厂烟气；能耗 Abstract: There are increasing concerns for greenhouse gas recently, especially for carbon dioxide emissions mitigation of the influence of global warming and climate change on human activities. The emissions of carbon dioxide primarily result from the combustion of fossil fuels and the main approach for CO2 emissions is carbon capture and sequestration. Hydrate-based capture of CO2 is a new separation technology, which is based on the differences of hydrate phase equilibrium conditions of CO2 and N2 and selectively engaged CO2 into the cages of hydrate. The technology is of high efficiency, simpleness and conveniency and so on. In this study, tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB), tetra-n-butyl ammonium fluoride (TBAF) and cyclopentane were chosen as additives for hydrate formation. The phase equilibrium conditions of CO2, simulate flue gas (CO2/N2) hydrate were determined with TBAB and TBAF, respectively. The dynamics character and separation efficiency of CO2/N2 mixture hydrate were investigated with TBAB, TBAF and cyclopentane for developing high efficient and low energy consumption hydrate-based capture of CO2. Key Words: Hydrate; CO2 capture; TBAB; TBAF; Cyclopentane; Energy consumption; Flue gas 引言： 以二氧化碳为主的温室气体的排放是造成全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因，其中化石能源燃烧所排放的二氧化碳约占总排放量的2/3。在目前我国普遍使用高碳化石燃料(特别是煤)的情况下，研究CO2的燃后捕获技术对于应对温室效应问题具有更加重要的意义。常规的CO2分离技术主要有：吸收法、吸附法、低温蒸馏法以及膜分离法等等。这些技术应用于烟气CO2捕获时具有相应的优势的同时也存在着一些缺陷如：化学吸收法存在吸收剂的再生能耗大，厂烟气中SOx、NOx、O2等对