同步和移动网络.pdf

W H I T E PA P E R Joan d’Austria, 112 - Barcelona - SP - 08018 Chalfont St Peter - Bucks - UK - SL9 9TR Synchronization Mobile networks 1. INTRODUCTION For many years the frequency synchronization requirements of GSM, 3G and UMTS networks were satisfied by means of TDM signals such as T1 or E1. This solution was straight forward because the infrastructure to support mobile backhaul was made of SONET / SDH, thereby the synchronization signal could be extracted from the PHY layer or being transported through a separate net- work. In any case both transport and synchronization were based on TDM tech- nologies. From Circuit to Packet migration However, during the last decade many things have changed, mainly because mobile operators have been abandoning SONET/SDH circuits while adopting Ethernet / MPLS / IP to support new mobile backhaul architectures. This is a ma- jor challenge for base stations that always require a very accurate synchroniza-