科技英语翻译 7a.pdfVIP

科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧 减译法 • 所谓减词法，就是指在把英语译成汉语时，把英语原文中 的某些词或某些成分减去不译。一般说来，减译的原因有 以下几个方面： • 1. 有些词在英语中用得非常普遍，但在汉语中却很少使 用，甚至根本不用； • 2.由于英汉两种语言用词造句的方式以及句法结构上的不 同，有些在英语里看来是必不可少的词，译成汉语时就不 一定非译出不可 • 3.原文里某些词或成分如一一译出，会使译文显得生硬、 累赘，甚至可能造成译文在逻辑上或修辞上不符合汉语习 惯。 第一节虚词的减译 • 一、冠词的减译 • A mixture differs from a chemical compound. • 混合物不同于化合物 • The former type is known as a journal bearing轴颈轴 承, and the latter type as a thrust bearing推力轴承. • 前一种称为轴颈轴承，后一种称为推力轴承。 • Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas. • 任何物质，无论它是固体、液体或气体，都是由原子构 成的。 • Because the body’s defence system is damaged, the patient has little ability to fight off many other diseases. • 由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏，病人几乎没有什么能力 来抵抗许许多多其他疾病的侵袭。 • The atom is the smallest particle of an element. • 原子是元素的最小粒子。 • Human beings and the great apes had a common ancestor about 5 million years ago. • 大约 万年以前，人类和类人猿拥有共同的祖先。 500 • Other scientists, however, are afraid that the world may become too hot for human life. • 而有些科学家则担心地球会升温，使人类无法生存。 • With the development of electrical engineering, power can be transmitted over long distance. • The PC has given the average American the kind of computing power that 10 years ago was found only in large corporations. • While the Chinese are eager to import modern medical technology from the West, increasing members of Westerners are equally interested in adopting the traditional medical remedies of China. • Although the world is large, man is able to live in only a small part of it. • The total land area that contributes surface runoff to a river or lake is called a watershed, river basin, or catchment area. • 随着电气工程学的发展，电力能被输送到非常遥远的地方去。 • 个人计算机使普通美国人具有的计算能力要是在10年前只有一些大公司才能 具有。 • 现在中国人热衷于从西方国家进口现代化医疗技术，而越来越多的西方人则 热衷于接受中医疗法。 • 尽管地球很大，可人类只