城乡二元户籍制度下教育成就及收入差异关系探究.docVIP

城乡二元户籍制度下教育成就及收入差异关系探究 　　摘要：提升教育水平、缩小城乡收入差距是社会、家庭和个人的共同目标。本文采用CFPS2014年的数据，考虑可能影响居民教育成就的个体特征、能力特征、家庭环境等个体异质性变量，建立多元Ordered Logit模型验证教育成就是否存在城乡差异。在此基础上，运用倾向值匹配法分析城乡二元户籍制度下不同教育成就分别对城乡居民产生多大的收入差异。研究发现：考虑个体异质性变量后，居民教育成就依然存在城乡差异，各阶段教育成就产生的收入差异有很大差别；高中教育产生的收入差异最低，高中教育对农村居民产生的收入差异仅为义务教育的20.9%；高等教育产生的收入差异最高，远高于高中教育。为缩小我国城乡教育差距和收入差距，本文提出教育资源应向农村地区倾斜、贫困家庭鼓励子女接受教育和完善高校助贫体系的政策建议 关键词：城乡二元户籍制度；个体异质性；教育成就；收入差异；多元Ordered Logit回归；倾向值匹配 中图分类号：G40-054文献标志码：A文章编号：1671-1254（2017）01-0087-09 Educational Achievement and Income Gap underDual Urban and Rural Household Registry XIAO Qin， LIU Yaxin， XIAO Lei （Faculty of Management and Economics， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650093， Yunnan， China）Abstract：It is the common goal of the society， the families and the individuals to improve educational level and narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. In this paper， a multiple-ordered Logit model is established to verify the effect of dual urban and rural household registry oneducational achievements by considering individual heterogeneity variables such as individual characteristics， ability characteristics and family environment based on the CFPS data collected in 2012. Based on the analysis， the Propensity Score Matching method is used to analyze the relationship between educational achievement and income difference under dual urban and rural household registry. The results show that 1） educational achievement is significantly different between urban and rural pupils considering individual heterogeneity variables， and there is a big income gapbetween different educational achievements； 2）income difference resulting from senior middle school education is the lowest，which is only 20.9% of that from the compulsory education； 3） income difference resulting from higher education for rural residents is highest， which is much higher than that from senior middle school education. To reduce the education and income gap between rural and urban areas， t