2011走向高考贾凤山高中总复习英语必修5语法10.ppt

专 题 探 究 语法突破10：特殊句式 一、倒装句 1．完全倒装 谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种： (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如：here, there, now, then, under, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首。如： ①In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. ②On the wall hangs a picture. ③South of the river lies a small factory. ④Out rushed the children. ⑤Away flew the plane. (2)such置于句首时。如： Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. 此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。如： Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 2．部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种： (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如： ①Only in this way can we learn English well. ②Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 注意：only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如： Only he can answer the question. (2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等置于句首时。如： ①Never before have I seen such a moving film.＝I have never seen such a moving film before. ②Not a single mistake did he make.＝He didnt make a single mistake. ③Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.＝I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark. (3)虚拟语气中，省略if的句子，可将were, had或should放于句首，构成倒装句。如： If it should be fine tomorrow, we would go swimming.＝Should it be fine tomorrow, we would go swimming. (4)以下六个重要的固定句型常用倒装形式： 1)．..so＋be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示“……也是如此”。如： They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. 注意：如果句意不是“……也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so＝indeed)，那么，句子则不可使用倒装句式。例如： ①A：It is hot.　　　　　A：天真热。 B：So it is. B：的确如此。 ②A：He is lazy. A：他真懒。 B：So is she. B：她也一样。 2)．..neither(或nor)＋be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示“……也不这样”。 Lily cant ride; neither(或nor) can Lucy. 3)so＋adj./adv. that...“如此……，以至于……”。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 4)neither..., nor...“不……，也不……”。 由于neither和nor都是否定词，所以其前后句均需倒装。如： Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so. 5)not only..., but also...“不仅……而且……”。 Not only will the help be given to people to find jobs,