chapter12-非谓语动词.pptVIP

非谓语动词 一、定义 动词在句中除充当谓语外，还可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。 二、 非谓语动词的种类 共三种： 1）动词不定式 to study 2）分词----现在分词： studying 过去分词： studied 3）动名词 studying 四、非谓语动词的形式 动词不定式 Infinitive 一 动词不定式的否定形式 Tell sb. to do sth. I told him not to be late. 二. 有些动词的不定式后不带 to 的不定式 1) 用于feel, have, hear, let ,listen to, look at, make , notice, see, watch后面做宾语补语时。 eg: 1. Father had my brother wash the car yesterday. 2. He lets/makes me sit at the table. *当Hear,see,make用于被动语态时，不定式保留to Eg: 1. I was made to feel at ease. 2. Was anyone seen to go out? 2）在Had better/ would rather后加动词原形 Eg: 1. You’d better go to the campus book store. 2. Would you rather drive there or go by bus? 4）在Rather than/sooner than位于句首时，后面要加动词原形；在Rather than/sooner than位于句末时，to可有可无。 Eg: 1.He walks to the office everyday rather than (to) go by bus. 2.Rather than go by bus, he walks to the office everyday. 5）在Except/but后加动词原形 a) do anything/nothing/everything but/except + do eg: He said he would like to do nothing except cook. b) can’t help but+ do /can’t choose but+do难以选择……只能做…… eg: I can’t help but see the answer. c) There is nothing to do but + do 除了这件事儿以外，没什么可做的 d) have no choice/alternative/option but to do sth. 除了这之外，没什么可选择的 Eg: He had no choice but to marry the girl. *Plan/hope/expect/should/would like+to have done动词不定式，表示没有实现的行为 eg: 1. He planned to have gone aboard. 2. I hope to have seen her. 3. I would like to have had your help. 分 词 分词包括： 现在分词 V-ing 过去分词 V-ed 一 作为谓语： “ be+现在分词”构成进行时 “be+过去分词”构成被动语态 “ have/has/had+过去分词”构成完成时 现在分词和过去分词的区别 eg: 1. I had my hair cut yesterday. 2. Walking along the sands, he saw the mark of a man’s foot in the sand. 3. Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 试比较： boiling water developing country an exciting story a moving film falling snow boiled water developed country excited people the moved children fallen snow 分词的句法功能 1. 作宾语补语：catch, d