第四讲 定语从句的写作.docVIP

第四讲 定语从句的写作 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句，用来修饰主句中的名词成分。所以也称形容词性从句。 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that，as等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，引导定语从句，在定语从句中充当成分。关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。 关系副词有when, where和why。在定语从句中不充当成分。 Who was the name of the man who lent you the money? 借钱给你的那个人的叫什么名字? (who在从句中做主语) The house （that） I would like to buy is not for sale． 我想买的那幢房子不是待售房。 (that在从句中作宾语可以省略) These are some people whose faces you can never forget. 有些人的容貌你永远难以忘怀。（whose在从句中作定语修饰faces） when, where, why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于“介词+which”结构，分别代替表示时间、地点和原因的先行词。 I still remember the day when I first came to this university. 我仍然记得我第一次来这所大学的那一天。（when = on which） I recently went back to the town where I was born. 我最近回到过我出生的城镇。 (where = in which) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 （why = for which） 限制性定语从句：书写时不用逗号引导词与先行词分开的定语从句。 This is the boy who broke the window. 这就是打破窗子的那个男孩。 非限制性定语从句：书写时用逗号引导词与先行词分开，不能用that来引导。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语不可省略。 His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is strict with him. 限制性定语从句中只能用that的情况 1 当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等词时，或当先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。 Everything that he said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。 2 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 3 当先行词被the very, the only修饰时 This is the very grammar book that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的语法书。 4 当先行词为who或前面有who, which等疑问代词时 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 5 当先行词既指人又指物时 The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered. 掉入河里的司机和车都还没有找到。 不能用that引导定语从句的情况 介词后不用that 非限制性定语从句 定语从句理解： 1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure. .P0~@@uQG ?? ? A. which? ? B. what? C. as? ? ? D. those? 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? dPYd}-u ?? ? A. that? ? ? B. where? ? ? ? C. in which? ? ? D. the