高中学生轻松面对分词.docVIP

高中学生轻松面对分词a . 条件： 主从句主语一致，否则就不行 例如：搬了这么重的箱子，我的腰很疼。 Having carried such a heavy box, my waist hurt a lot. 听到这个感人的故事以后，我的眼泪流了下来。 Hearing this touching story, my tears came out. 这两句话翻译的共同错误就在主语不一致而用了分词作状语。它们分别应该改为： Having carried such a heavy box, I had a pain in my waist. Hearing this touching story, I was moved to tears. b.功能：分词作状语相当于一个连词加完整的句子，可以表达因果、转折、条件、伴随等逻辑关系。请看下面的选择题： ______________, so it sells well. Because it tastes good B. Tasting good C. Tasted good D. It tastes good 很多同学拿到这个题目会选择B 或C，甚至第一感觉就排除了D。根据刚才的理论--- 分词作状语相当于一个连词加一个完整的句子，所以BC本质上和A是一样的，而且C这里的是一个连系动词，因此它无被动。其实一个复合句是有两个简单句连接 它们之间有且只能有一个连词，或者说一个复合句是有一个主句和一个从句构成。 c.形式：主动用doing;对应的完成式是 having done ，表达它的动作发生在主句动作之前，也就是先时性。 被动用done------ having been done表达它的动作发生在主句动作之前，也就是先时性。 例如： 听到这个激动人心的消息，我情不自禁地哭了。 Hearing the exciting news, I couldn’t help crying. 暴风雨走了，对整个村庄造成了严重的破坏。 The storm, having caused serious damage to the entire village, left. 讲了多少次，我还是理解不了这道数学题。 Told/Having been told many times, I still have difficulty in understanding this maths problem. 但是，请看下面的例句： Being a Party member, I have no choice but to jump into the river to save the man struggling in the cold river. Being ill for days, I look very weak. 在分词作状语的时候，要慎用being 只有当从句只有 be 和名词，代词，介词 或者形容词（只有是本身是形容词 不是一个动词的现在分词或过去分词演变过来的，否则不算），比如说： Excited at the news, I couldn’t help jumping. (正确) Being excited at the news, I couldn’t help jumping. (错误) 特殊的情况：当表示结果的时候，可以分为意料之中和意料之外两种： The old man died, leaving his three sons two sheep.（意料之中） I rushed to the railway station only to find the train had just gone.（意料之外） 二．作定语 a 现在分词作定语.它相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。根据具体情况可以是进行时或者是一般时态。 Those playing with fire will get burnt. =Those who play with fire will get burnt. Those playing basketball on the playground are from Class One. Those who are playing basketball on the playground are from Class One. 但是，如果名词或代词前面有序数词时，则用“to do” 形式 He is always the first person to come. b.过去分词作定语: 1) The question being discussed now is about how to celebrate the coming Women’s Day