第1讲CultureandTranslation.pptVIP

Culture and Translation Introduction Quotations from Nida Bilingual competence has almost been regarded as an essential requirement for translators. For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function. Dictionaries and encyclopedias are an important source of strategic cultural information, but they can never take the place of personal involvement in a foreign society. (Nida, Language, Culture and Translating p.307-8) Contents 1. What’s culture? 2. What cultural factors make translating difficult? 3. How are language, culture and translating related? 4. What will be covered in this semester? 文化的经典定义，是1871年由英国人类学家泰勒(Edward Tylor)在《原始文化》一书中提出的，文化是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗以及包括作为社会成员的个人获得的其他任何能力、习惯在内的一种综合体。 现代文化人类学认为文化具有如下的四个本质特征: (1)文化是经由社会习得的，而非遗传获得的，(2)文化是一个社团所共有的，而非某一个人所独有的，(3)文化具有象征性，语言是文化中最重要的象征系统，(4）文化是一个统一的整体。 文化中的每一方面都和其他方面相互关联。 … Every human society has its own culture, or sociocultural system. Variation among cultures is attributable to such factors as differing physical habitats and resources; the range of possibilities inherent in areas such as language, ritual, and social organization; and historical phenomena such as the development of links with other cultures. An individual’s attitudes, values, ideals, and beliefs are greatly influenced by the culture (or cultures) in which he or she lives. Culture change takes place as a result of ecological, socioeconomic, political, religious, or other fundamental factors affecting a society. e.g. bound feet; three-inch golden lily 2.3 Synonymy 同义词 Translating is a complex and fascinating task. In fact, I. A. Richards (1953) has claimed that it is probably the most complex type of event in the history of the cosmos. (Nida, Language, Culture and Translating p.304) A trial translation 1. 从清晨起，春雨就轻柔地落下来；燕子在雨中穿梭。 2. 不一会，北风小了，路上的浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。 鲁迅《一件小事》 3. 她到过号称人间天堂的苏杭，也去过山水甲天下的桂林。 4. 子渊受教于