第七章 遗传多样性丧失与保护(国外英文资料).docVIP

第七章 遗传多样性丧失与保护(国外英文资料) The seventh chapter is about the loss and protection of genetic diversity Section 1 genetic barriers to species Genetic barriers at the genetic level There are three different levels of gene pool in biology, there are differences in gene composition, and there are three kinds of genes at the same time: favorable genes, harmful genes and neutral genes. If the first two genes are in trouble, they can cause a variety of genetic barriers to the species. Genetic disorders include three aspects. The genetic burden of 1. species: genetic burden, also called genetic negative, or genetic load, refers to some genes of the species of death or adverse changes in due to some reason, so have to pick up and loading from these changes in the genetic species. There are four kinds of changes in genetic burden: mutation burden, separation burden, substitution burden, and self exclusion burden 2. gene expression disorder 3. inbreeding and inbreeding depression: sexually transmitted species can cause genetic disorders if inbreeding or inbreeding occurs. Inbreeding refers to the two individual close kin mating, far far genetic relationship refers to the individual mating, there are two cases, one is the same species of distant mating individuals, two individuals of different species mate. Two, genetic barriers at population level When the population of a species is too small, or when there are fewer individuals in a population, there are genetic barriers at the population level. Genetic differences between 1. populations 2. genetic differences among individuals And mainly in the following four aspects: In a population, only individuals with valid populations are allowed to reproduce; There are some differences in the reproductive ability of different individuals in the population, and the number of offspring is different, and directly affect the number of effective individuals in the next generation; In most cases, the number of males and females that actually part