推理思想(国外英文资料).docVIP

推理思想(国外英文资料) Explanation: to explain deductive reasoning and reasonable reasoning The idea of reasoning The idea of reasoning. Reasoning is the form of thinking that comes from one or more of the existing judgments. Inference is based on the premise of the judgment, which is called the conclusion. There are two forms of reasoning: deductive reasoning and logical reasoning. Deductive reasoning is the inference of a particular proposition based on the general truth (or logical rule). The characteristic of deductive reasoning is that when the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. The common forms of deductive reasoning are: syllogism, selective reasoning, hypothetical reasoning, relationship reasoning, etc. Reasonable reasoning is based on the facts that are already present, based on experience and intuition, through induction and analogy. The common forms of reasoning are: inductive reasoning and analogies. When the premises are true, the conclusion of reasonable reasoning may be true or false. (1) deductive reasoning. Syllogism, the syllogism of two premises and one conclusion, is called syllogism. Syllogism is the general form of deductive reasoning, including: the major premise - known, the general principle of minor premise -- the study of special circumstances, the conclusion, according to the general principles, the special circumstances make the judgment. For example, all odd Numbers cannot be divisible by 2, (23 + 1) is odd, so (23 + 1) cannot be divisible by 2. The selective reasoning is divided into the compatible elective reasoning and the incompatible optional reasoning. Here only introduce incompatible disjunctive reasoning: the major premise is an incompatible disjunctive judgement, minor premise must be one of the disjunctive, conclusion is no other disjunctive branch; The premise negates one of the optional statements except one, and the conclusion is sure to be the one that is left. For example, a triangle, or an acute triangle, or a right t