天津市公共交通发展对策研究.docVIP

天津市公共交通发展对策研究 Research on Tianjin Public Traffic Development Countermeasure 中文摘要 城市交通是世界大城市普遍存在的共性问题,交通拥堵问题是国内外大城市的一个通病。城市交通拥挤,不仅会直接增加城市出行的经济费用,还会带来严重的环境污染等多方面的社会福利损失,影响城市功能和作用的发挥。解决城市道路交通问题是城市经济、社会、环境协调发展中的战略问题，在城市发展中具有十分重要的地位。我国交通面临的问题更为复杂,人口密度大、道路里程少、路网不完善、车辆增长快以及自行车交通大量存在、混行交通严重等问题,在短时期难以得到根本改观。本文通过对国内外城市公共交通的现状分析,研究解决我国城市交通问题。在对解决城市交通问题的研究中,通过实地调研,分析统计资料,运用公共经济学的原理研究最有效的道路利用水平,通过研究分析道路拥挤成本和道路拥挤定价的理论,确定了公交优先是解决城市交通问题的有效管理措施的理论依据,论述了在我国建立以公共交通为主体的城市交通运输体系的必要性。鉴于天津市在交通方面面临的巨大压力,本文从车辆发展、流量分布、路网建设、停车状况、公共交通、交通管理六个方面实地调研,收集资料,对比分析了天津市交通问题现状。对解决城市交通问题的几种途径建立层次结构模型,运用层次分析法对完善路网结构、协调城市开发布局与交通发展、完善公交优先交通政策、交通管理现代化、治理城市停车问题等解决城市交通问题的途径进行了定量分析,为确定优先发展城市公共交通提供了理论依据,借鉴国内外大城市发展公共交通的经验,提出了缓解天津市城市交通拥挤问题的对策建议。 关键词: 公共交通 拥挤成本 发展对策 ABSTRACT Urban traffic,especially traffic jam,is a common problem of world big cities.The urban traffic jam not only direct increase the urban outgoing cost , but also bring many social welfare losses, such as serious environmental pollution,which affect the urban functional development. Solving the urban traffic problem is a strategic problem related with urban economy, society and environment,which plays an important role in urban development. The traffic problem in our country is more complicated,the large population, short roadway mileage, incomplete road net ,fast car increase , existence of bikes and mixed traffic can not be changed thoroughly in a short term. Through analyzing the present public traffic situation domestic and abroad, study and solve the urban traffic problem in our country. After spot investigation, analyze statistic data, researches the most effective road utilization by common economic theory and analyze road congestion cost and pricing, it confirms a theoretical gist that public traffic is the effective measure to solve traffic problems. Also it states the necessity of establishing the public traffic as main bod