输尿管镜的临床应用.pptVIP

输尿管肾镜的临床应用 北京大学泌尿外科研究所 张晓春 历史： 1.Marshall VF: Fiberoptics in urology. J Urol 1964; 91:110. 2.Takagi T: Small caliber fiberscope for visualization of the urinary tract, biliary tract, and spinal canal. Surgery 1968; 64:1933. 3.Takagi T: Fiberoptic pyeloureteroscope. Surgery 1971;70:661. 4.Goodman TM: Ureteroscopy with pediatric cystoscope in adults. Urology 1977; 9:394. 5.Perez-Castro E: Transurethral ureteroscopy- a current urological procedure. Arch Esp Urol 1980; 33:445. 上尿路解剖： 肾脏 输尿管： 长度： 右 28~34cm(25~30cm) 左比右侧短1cm 相对狭窄段： 壁段1~2mm 跨越髂总3mm 连接部2mm 输尿管口之间约5cm(2~3cm) 膀胱壁内段约2c