研究生学术综合英语Unit4 Translation.ppt

被动语态 1.被动仍翻成被动：常用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如: 例1. Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man. 地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。 例2. The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped. 流体在管道中流动的情况,受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。 4.英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时,我们往往在译文中使用了“加以”, “经过”, “用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例如: 例1. Other questions will be discussed briefly. 其它问题将简单地加以讨论。 例2. In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。 例3. Nuclear power\'s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. 核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词 - 辐射来概括。 5.将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语,同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。例如: It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. 人们普遍认为，孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。 It is asserted that …有人主张…… It is believed that …有人认为…… It is generally considered that …大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that …大家知道(众所周知)…… It will be said …有人会说…… It was told that …有人曾经说…… Translation 反译法 有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语需要从反面来表达才更符合我们的习惯。? 否定译成肯定 英语中双重否定如果译成汉语双重否定就会不通顺，在这种情况下，我们需要将它译成肯定句。? 例1：He?never?visited?us?but?he?brought?us?some?gifts.? 他每次来拜访我们都会带礼物。? 例2：There?is?no?rule?that?has?no?exception. 只要有规则，就有例外。? 例3：Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats. 冰的密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。 肯定译成否定 例1: Bicycles offer the perfect eco_friendly method of traveling around the vast and beautiful and flat countryside that surrounds Cambridge. 骑自行车在剑桥大学周围的宽广、美丽而又平坦的乡村旅行，是不会对环境造成危害的理想旅游方式。 例2: We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent（污水）. 参考译文: 我们不应当再把海洋当成人类生活污水和工业污水的垃圾场了。 2.英语被动翻成汉语主动。 例1：This city was