经济学视角下探讨过期药品地回收处理机制设计.PDFVIP

经济学视角下探讨过期药品的回收处理机制设计 ＊ # 刘 芹 ，邱家学（中国药科大学国际医药商学院，南京 211198） 中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2014）21-1928-03 DOI 10.6039/j.issn. 1001-0408.2014.21.03 摘 要 目的：为过期药品回收处理机制的建立提供理论依据。方法：以药品生产企业为过期药品回收处理的主体，通过经济学 中外部性和供需曲线理论进行论证，并参考实例比较通过征收矫正税和采取激励补贴机制两种途径对过期药品回收处理主体的 影响，以此来选取合理的过期药品回收方式。结果与结论：如果采取向生产企业征收矫正税的方式，可能会打击部分生产企业主 动回收过期药品的积极性；而采取激励补贴机制则可能鼓励更多的生产企业参与到过期药品的回收处理活动中，解决当前药品回 收中存在的问题，使过期药品回收活动中产生的公共事务的外部性问题变负为正，增加社会总福利。因此，采取激励补贴机制具 有经济学合理性并切合当前实际，可作为建立过期药品长期回收机制设计时重要的参考依据。 关键词 过期药品；矫正税；激励补贴机制；回收处理；机制设计 Design of Recovery Processing Mechanism for Expired Drugs in the View of Economics LIU Qin ，QIU Jia-xue （School of International Pharmaceutical Business ，China Pharmaceutical University ，Nan- jing 211198，China ） ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE ：To provide theoretic evidence for the establishment of recovery processing mechanism of the expired drugs. METHODS ：Taking pharmaceutical enterprise as subject of disposing expired drugs ，by demonstrating externality and logis- tic curve of economics ，referring to the practical case ，the effects of corrective taxes and incentive subsidy mechanism on subject of disposing expired drugs were compared to select reasonable recovery way. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS ：The enthusiasm of some enterprises recovering expired drugs actively will be dampened if corrective taxes are levied on them ；the incentive subsidy mechanism can encourage enterprises to take part in expired drugs recovery and solve current problem effectively to promote exter- nality of public business to play positive role and increase social welfare. The incentive subsidy mechanism is rational in the eco- nomics and practical ，and can provide reference for the design of long-term recovery mechanism. KEYWORDS Expired drug ；Corrective taxes ；Incentive subsidy mechanism ；Recovery and disposal ；