太赫兹显微镜.pdfVIP

LETTERS PUBLISHED ONLINE: 7 JULY 2013 | DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.151 An ultrafast terahertz scanning tunnelling microscope 1 1 2 2 1 Tyler L. Cocker *, Vedran Jelic , Manisha Gupta , Sean J. Molesky , Jacob A. J. Burgess , 1 1 2 1 1 Glenda De Los Reyes , Lyubov V. Titova , Ying Y. Tsui , Mark R. Freeman and Frank A. Hegmann * Ultrafast studies1,2 of excitations on the nanometre scale are THz-STM combines the high spatial resolution of an STM with essential for guiding applications in nanotechnology. Efforts the subpicosecond time resolution of terahertz pulse spectroscopy. to integrate femtosecond lasers with scanning tunnelling It uses the nonlinear current–voltage (I–V) relation of the tip– microscopes (STMs)3 have yielded a number of ultrafast STM sample tunnel junction to produce a rectified ultrafast tunnel techniques4–14, but the basic ability to directly modulate the current burst in a process reminiscent of junction-mixing STM6–8. STM junction bias while maintaining nanometre spatial resol- However, free-space coupling of terahertz pulses in the THz-STM ution has been limited to 10 ps (refs 7,8) and has required requires no modifications to the STM design or sample. As a specialized probe or sample structures. Here, without