04 第四讲 动词的时态和语态 新.doc

第四讲 动词的时态和语态 一 动词的时态 时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中有16种时态，中学所学时态有11种。 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 现在 一般现在时 do/does 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 现在完成时 have/has done 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去 一般过去时 did 过去进行时 was/were doing 过去完成时 had done 过去完成进行时 Had been doing 将来 一般将来时 will/shall do 将来进行时 will/shall be doing 将来完成时 will/shall have done 将来完成进行时 will/shall have been doing 过去将来 过去将来时 would/should do 过去将来进行时 would/should be doing 过去将来完成时 would/should have done 过去将来完成进行时 Would/should have been doing 二 各个时态及用法 1 一般现在时 构成 do (am, is, are, have, has) 概念 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 用 法 意义 时间状语 例句 1经常性或惯性的动作 always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2客观真理，客观存在，科学事实，格言或警句 The earth moves around the sun. Pride goes before a fall. 3现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 4按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事情 仅限于表示“运动”的动词（go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, return, take off） The plane takes off at 10:00 this afternoon. 5 代替将来时 状语从句中：时间状从，条件状从，让步状从（连词when, before, until, as soon as, if, whether） We’ll set off as soon as he gets ready. If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go on a picnic as planed. Whether he comes or not, we’ll discuss the problem this afternoon. 典型例题 ★--Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? ?--Terry? Never! She ___ tents and fresh air! (08上海)A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates ▲2.一般过去时 构成 did (was, were, had) 概念 表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示） 用 法 意义 时间状语 例句 1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in1982, just now Where did you go just now? 2在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作 频度副词 often, usually, seldom When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 3一些动词用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等 注意：一些动词和情态动词用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 wish, wonder, think, hope ①动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。 ②情态动词could, would I thought you might have some. Did you want any thing else? I wondered if you c