动词语态、.docVIP

被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此,在总复习阶段,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。下面就来介绍被动语态复习的三步曲,来帮助大家掌握这个语法项目。 第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构 被动语态由助动词+及物动词的过去分词构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下: 1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如: English is used all over the world. 2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如: The picture was painted two years ago. 3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如: The flowers are being watered by them now. 4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如: The room has been cleaned. 5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to+be+done如: The work will be finished tomorrow. 6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如: Your homework must be handed in today. 在初中阶段,要求学生们掌握一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态。中考题出现的关于被动语态的题目,一般会从上述三种情况中出;其他几种时态的被动语态了解即可,它们一般会在阅读题目中出现。 第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。请看示范: 主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday. 主语谓语动词 宾语其余部分 被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday. 主语谓语动词by+宾语其余部分 在中考题中,对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的。 第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型 1.含有短语动词的被动语态 一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。如: The old people should be taken good care of. 2.含有双宾语的动词的被动语态 含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。如: My father gave me a new book on my birthday.→ I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) 3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态 带有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有make, let, see, hear, watch等。如: We find English very useful.→English is found very useful. 宾语 宾补 I often hear him sing in his room.→He is often heard