主语补足语2.docVIP

大学英语课外辅导：主语补足语与准系动词 2005/03/24 14:42? 英语辅导报 系动词连接了主语和补语。这种结构中的补语是说明主语性状的，所以称为主语补足语。系动词作为实义动词的一类，具有本身的意义，但是在起到桥梁作用的同时，有些系动词会保持本身具有的意义，有些意义则会减弱或消失。例如： 　　1. I tasted the soup. ( taste 为及物动词，意思为“品尝”。) 　　2. The soup tastes wonderful. (taste 为系动词，意思为“尝起来，吃起来”，意思基本未变。) 　　3. He went to the cinema yesterday evening. ( go 是不及物动词，意思为“去，走”。) 　　4. At the news, he went mad. (go为系动词，失去了“go”的原义，意为“变得”。) 　　另外，英语中还有一定数量的不及物动词，完全保留了本身的词汇意义，同时又发挥着系动词的功能。它们与主语补足成分连用，所以这类词被称为“准系动词”(quasi-linking verb or half-linking verb)。用于“S+Vi+Cs”(S代表主语，Vi代表不及物动词，Cs代表主语补足语)这一句式的动词都属于这种用法。有时，主语补足语不紧跟系动词，有可能被其它状语成分隔开。以“go”为例： 　　5. At twenty-four, Tom went half-bald. ( go 为系动词，失去原义。) 　　6. After midnight, Tom went home bored.( go 为准系动词，保留原义，但同时又连接主语“Tom”和主补“bored”，“home”为副词，表示地点状语。) 　　用于这一句式的补语可以为各种形式，如名词词组(NP)，形容词词组(AP)，介词词组(Pr.P)，和分词短语(PP)等。现举例如下： 　　Type1: S + Vi +Cs (NP) 　　7. We parted the best friends. 　　= We were the best friends when we parted. 　　8. I stand before you today the representative of a family in grief. 　　= I am the representative of a family in grief when I stand before you today. 　　类似的动词包括： come (back), die, fall, go, leave 等。 　　Type2: S + Vi +Cs (AP) 　　9. They were born poor, lived poor, and poor they died. 　　= They were poor when they were born; they were poor when they lived; they were poor when they died. 　　10. She married young. 　　= She was young when she married. 　　11. The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm at night. 　　= When the morning dawned after the storm at night, it was fresh and clear. 　　类似的动词包括：arrive, come (back), dawn, fall, leave, lie, marry, return, sit, stand, turn out 等。 　　Type3: S + Vi +Cs (Pr.P) 　　12. The parcel arrived in good condition. 　　= When the parcel arrived, it was in good condition. 　　13. They separated with feelings alienation. 　　= They had feelings alienation when they separated. 　　类似的动词包括：come, die, fall, go, leave, lie, part, return, sit, stand等。 　　Type4: S + Vi +Cs (P.P) 　　14. They stood listening to him.