浅析中医语言隐喻认知特征.docVIP

浅析中医语言隐喻认知特征 　　摘要：运用历史分析法和文化诠释法，借鉴现代语言学研究成果，探查中医语言建立之初的社会背景环境，分析中医语言的本质，分析以隐喻认知为特征的中医语言的形成原因及其对中医认知方式的影响，理解中医语言的内涵和外延。中医语言以隐喻认知为特征，是中国古代特定地理环境、生产方式、社会组织下的产物，是在大陆民族文化的基础上形成的思维形式。隐喻是中医医生认识人体、描述疾病、表述治疗原则及诠释用药规律的手段。把握中医语言的关键，是从语用的层面上，还原按照句法规律排列形成的中医术语背景，依据共同的认知语境，映射到中医特定的语义之中，在特定语境下，解释人体生理病理现象，理解中医语言承载的真正内涵 关键词：中医语言；隐喻认知；历史分析法；文化诠释法 中图分类号：R2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-5707（2017）01-0020-05 Abstract： By using historical analysis and cultural interpretation and referring to the research achievements of modern linguistics， the social background environment of the foundation of TCM language was explored， the essence of TCM language was analyzed， the causes of TCM language characterized by metaphorical cognition and its effects on TCM cognition way were analyzed， and the connotation and extention of TCM language was understood. Chinese language is characterized by metaphorical cognition. It is a product of ancient Chinese specific geographical environment， mode of production and social organization. It is a form of thinking formed on the basis of the Chinese national culture. Metaphor is the means by which TCM doctors can understand the human body， describe diseases， express the principle of treatment and interpret the laws of medication. The key to grasping the Chinese language is to reconstruct the background of TCM terminology which is arranged according to syntactic rules from the perspective of pragmatics， to map to the specific semantics of Chinese medicine according to the common cognitive contexts， to interpret physiological and pathological phenomena of the human body in specific contexts， and to understand the true connotation of Chinese language. Key words： TCM language； metaphorical cognition； historical analysis； cultural interpretation 中?t古籍著作中“隐喻”的表达方式比比皆是，反映中医把握人体、认识疾病、表述治疗的思维认知形式[1]。这不仅使中医语言“辞简”“文约”“言炼”，更能形象化、具体化地表达抽象中医术语概念，进而形成一种基于隐喻认知的中医语言[2]。研究者们借助认知语言学的新视角，聚焦于中医理论、病因病机及治疗原则中的隐喻表述，论证了隐喻构建中医理论、形成中医认知机制的手段和功能。中医是如何会形成这样一种认知语言体系的呢？“辨彰学术、考镜源流”，本文运用历史分析法和文