电气工程专业英语+unit6.ppt

6.4.1 Single-chip Microprocessor Control whereas the regular data bus is 8 bit. Allowing 14 bit for the program memory means that all instructions are just one word long. The device has three I/O ports, but many of the I/O bits can be used in different ways (such as for an on/off switch or ADC input), depending on how they are programmed. text 6.4.1 Single-chip Microprocessor Control In summary, a wide variety of microcontrollers are available. At the low end are the 4 bit models, which are more than adequate for appliances and toys. These tend to be large-volume, low-cost applications. Eight-bit microcontrollers (such as the 68HC11 and 8051 mentioned earlier) are very popular because 8 bit turn out to be a convenient size for both numeric and character data. text 6.4.1 Single-chip Microprocessor Control At the high end, 16 and 32 bit microcontrollers are available for control systems requiring sophisticated, high-speed calculating power for such applications as complicated servomechanisms, avionics, or image processing. text 6.4.2 Programmable Logic Control The automatic control of repetitious mechanical or physical processes is a common control problem, which abounds in major appliances, office machines, the manufacturing industry, and industry in general. Traditionally, this kind of process control was done with electromechanical devices such as relays, timers, and sequencers. text 6.4.2 Programmable Logic Control With this approach, however, the circuit must be rewired if the control logic changes, which was a particular problem to the automotive industry because of the annual model changeovers. In response to this problem, in the late 1960s, General Motors developed the specifications for a programmable electronic controller that could replace the hard-wired relay circuits. Based on those specifications, Gould Modicon Company developed the first programmable logic controller (PLC). text 6.4.2 Programmable Logic Control The PLC is a small, microproces