第8章氧化还原反应2.ppt

作业 5、11（3,4,5）、13、17、19、22、24、26 重点掌握的公式 1、能斯特方程式； 2、氧化还原反应的判据； 3、氧化还原反应的平衡常数； 4、吉布斯自由能变与电动势、电极电势的关系式 5、不同氧化值之间电对的标准电极电势； 本章要求 Voltaic Cell伏打电池 The system in which two half-reactions for a redox reaction are separated allowing the electrons transferred in the reaction to be passed between them through a wire is called voltaic cell. 其他化学电池 Electrodes electrodes －－ The electrical conductors placed in the half-cells are called. They can be active electrodes, which participate in the reaction, or passive electrodes, which transfer the electrons into or out of a half-cell but do not participate in the reaction. 其他化学电池 Anode(负极) anode －－ the site of oxidation Because oxidation involves loss of electrons, the anode is the source of electrons. For this reason, it is described as the negative electrode. Because electrons are lost forming more positive (or less negative) species at the anode, the surroundings tend to become more positive. Thus anions are attracted to the anode. 其他化学电池 Cathode(正极) cathode－－ the site of reduction By convention, the cathode is the positive electrode. Because electrons come to the cathode and substances gain these electrons to become more negative (or less positive), the surroundings tend to become more negative. Thus cations are attracted to the cathode. 其他化学电池 Other Cell Components salt bridge －－A device that can be used to keep the charges balanced. electrolyte(电解液) －－The portion of the electrochemical cell that allows ions to flow. 其他化学电池 Primary and Secondary Batteries primary batteries －－Batteries that are not rechargeable. secondary battery or a storage battery －－A rechargeable battery. 其他化学电池 Dry Cell Anode（-） oxidation: Zn(s) ? Zn2+(aq) + 2e? Cathode （+）reduction: 2MnO2(s) + 2NH4+(aq) + 2e? ? Mn2O3(s) + 2NH3(aq) + H2O(l) Overall reaction: