显生宙生物进化演变的选择压作用机制探究.docxVIP

基于“新地球观”生态系统演化理论的生物宏观进化的选择压作用机制探究乔韡轶 吴忠建 吴松洋 王朋冲摘要：在地史生物进化研究领域成种进化方向，“渐变论”和“突变论”存在长期的争议，而“间断平衡伦”观点则在统合两者的基础上更全面看待了进化现象。近些年里新兴起的生态系统学说“新地球观”从生物-环境协同进化的角度阐明了生物演化的渐变-突变交替进行演化方式，并揭示出环境对生物产生的内在的选择压作用机理。定量古生物学方向相关研究表明，生物演化的不同水平阶段，其环境的选择压作用方式不同。在生物爆发生长的阶段，相关的环境选择压主要以稳定选择或低强度定向选择为主；在集群灭绝阶段，环境选择压则是以分裂式选择为主；而在其他平稳匀速演化或小规模辐射适应或背景灭绝时期，其则以定向选择为主。生态环境因子的综合效应则是环境选择压作用机理的直接推动力，是生态系统动态变化的主要诱因。各种不同物理、化学、生物影响因子则作为不同层次水平的单元发挥作用，而生物群落对选择作用产生的各种不同响应则决定了自身在生态系统里的生态位和对环境适应生存的生态幅的格局状态，在更大的地史时期尺度上则表现为随着生态系统的变迁，生物群落整体上出现旧物种的衰亡灭绝和新物种的起源兴盛。An Investigation on the Mechanism of Selective Pressure Exerted on Biological Microevolution Derived fromtheTheory of Ecological RevolutionBased ontheNewOutlookontheEarthAbstract:Theories of “Uniformitarianism”and “Catastrophism”are used to be mutually controversial in the subdiscipline of speciation researching belongs to the academic field of biological evolution in long time. The viewpoint of “Punctuated equilibrium”adopts and incorporates the above two opnnios with a much more comprehensive method of interpreting evolutionary phemomenon.In recent years,the advanced burgeoning“New Outlook on the Earth”based on a standpoint of coevolutionary mechanism between biotas and environment, completely demonstrates the mode of Graduality-mutability alternation in biological macroevolution.Furthermore,it also shows the intrinsic mechanism of selection exerted on biotas by environment.Recent studies in the field of the quantative palaeontology has proved that mechanism of selective effects depend on the correspounding stages of macroevolution.The strength of selective press varies in different stages.In the stage of biotic booming growth(explosion), the relevant dominant ambient selective pressure is stable selection or low-strenghth directional selection,while in the stage of mass extinction,the dominant type is divergent selection;in other uniform，steady evolutional stages including background extinction and small-scale adaptive radiation,the dominant type is direct