英国都铎时期的人文主义思想.pdfVIP

摘 要 英国都铎时期的人文主义思想是英国文艺复兴的重要组成部分，是英国新兴 资产阶级利益的集中反映。英国的人文主义者以人性和理性的眼光来审视人和社 会，提出了人文主义教育观、人文主义公益观和人文主义政治观。他们积极倡导 遵从人的天性并注重全面发展的教育模式，以培养为政府服务的杰出人才；他们 赞美劳动及肯定劳动者的地位，呼吁对弱势群体的救助，提倡慈善事业的发展及 人际关系的改善；他们拥护王权的崛起、良好社会秩序的建立和民族国家的统一， 反对神权政治和封建暴政，追求贤人政治、“乌托邦”式理想社会的实现。这些 思想是在都铎时期特殊的经济、政治和社会状况下产生的，对英国逐渐摆脱中世 纪、走向近代奠定了思想基础。本文试从英国都铎时期人文主义思想产生的历史 背景、主要内容及其特征几个方面对它进行初步探讨，以让人们获得对英国文艺 复兴较全面、较深刻的认识。 关键词： 都铎时期；人文主义；人性；理性；王权 I Abstract Humanism in Tudor England was the important part of English Renaissance,which reflected the interests of the rising bourgeois in England.The humanists of England putted forward their humanistic educational thought, humanistic commonweal thought and humanistic political thought, who surveyed people and society from human nature and reason. They actively promoted the education-oriented model in line with human nature and all-round development of man, so as to develop outstanding talents for the government; they praised labor and affirm laborers’achievements, called for the assistance to vulnerable groups, and promoted the development of philanthropy and an improved human relations; they supported the rise of monarchy, the establishment of good social order and national reunification of the country, raised their voice against the theocratic politics and the feudal tyranny,and strived after the political sage and Utopian ideal society. Humanism in the Tudor period was bound to be produced under the circumstance of economy,politics and society,which urged England to break through the MiddleAges and step into the modern times .This article explores from the background