Critical Discourse Analysis 批评性语篇分析PPT.ppt

Critical Discourse Analysis; ; In the late 1970s, a group of Hallidayan linguistis at the University of East Anglia began applying the term critical linguistics (CL) in their research on language use in different institutions. KressHodge assumed strong and pervasive connections between linguistic structure and social structure, claiming that discourse cannot exist without social meanings. The authors reacted strongly against contemporary trends in pragmatics(e.g speech act theory) and Labovian quantitatives sociolinguistics. ; CL很大程度上是对长期处于主导地位的结构主义语言学的反叛和补充。以Saussure, Bloomfield and Chomsky 为代表的语言学将语言视为一个自给自足和自我调节的抽象系统，美国结构主义语言学也试图以当时的自然科学为蓝本将自己建成一门经验科学，主张语言只能以其自身的条件孤立地加以描写。CL把语言形式在交际语境中的功能作为自己的核心课题，认为语言运用充满了价值观，我们理应实践一种旨在理解这种价值观的语言学。; In 1989, Norman Fairclough put up with CDA. He sees the value of CDA as a methid to be used alongside others in research on social and culture change, and as a resource in struggles against exploitation and domination. Fairclough is mainly concerned with the study of power and institutional discouse, stressing the intertextuality of different forms of social practice, like for example the relationships between the social practices education systems and advertising. In his view, language use is always simultaneously constitutive of social identites, social relations and systems of knowledge and belief.; CDA在弥补CL的缺陷、坚持CL的“critical”内核的同时,拓宽了CL的批评视角。在术语使用上,CDA沿用CL中的“critical”,体现出CDA坚持了CL的“critical”内核;舍弃“linguistics”而采用“discourse”则表明CDA不局限在系统功能语言学之中,而是接受社会科学中“discourse”的概念(如Foucault,1972,1984关于话语的论述),吸收批评社会科学和对后现代社会变革批评研究的成果,在更广阔的社会环境中研究语言运用;至于“analysis”则是强调CDA的解释(interpretation)作用,批评话语分析家通过对文本的解释来证明话语生产者的权力运用并表明分析家本身对社会变革的参与。 ; Critical discourse analysis, an analytic method springing up in late 1970s and early 1980s, mainly studies public discourses and non-literature discourses. It attaches great importance to analyzing production, transmission and reception of discourse under social and historical