我国畜牧业发展态势及环境污染防治对策.docVIP

我国畜牧业发展态势及环境污染防治对策 　　摘 要：本文首先从区域、畜种、生产方式三种不同情景入手，系统阐述我国畜牧业发展态势和环境污染特点，分析了导致污染的主要成因，即缺少科学规划布局、农牧脱节、种养失衡及经营管理方式简单粗放。接着从命令控制和经济激励两种政策类型入手，概述了不同尺度污染防治措施及存在的四点问题，包括缺少以综合养分管理为依据的环境承载标准，污染物基础底数不清，现行标准规范执行力和可操作性不强，长效全程评价机制不完善。最后，提出了产业科学规划布局，建立畜牧业环境信息化管理与污染监测预警体系，加大政策扶持力度、健全经济激励机制，完善畜牧业环境污染综合防治技术体系四点建议 关键词：畜牧业；环境污染；命令控制；经济激励；综合养分管理；环境承载；监测预警 中图分类号：X506 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.03.003 Developing Tendency in Animal Husbandry in China and Its Control Countermeasures over Environmental Pollution ZHAO Run， QU Qingbo， FENG Jie， ZHI Suli， DU Huiying， LI Aixiu， ZHANG Keqiang （Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture， Tianjin 300191， China） Abstract： Started from three different scenes of region， species， yielding approach， developing state and environmental contamination characteristics in national animal husbandry were systematically elaborated. Two main causes led to the pollution， namely， lacking of scientific formulation and layout， separation and out of balance between planting and breeding together with simple and rough operation and management ways were analyzed. In line with 2 policy varieties， order control and economic motivation， different scales of pollution precaution and control measures in combination with 4 issues were overviewed， which involved of shortage on environmental load criteria in terms of comprehensive nutrient management， unclear basic data of pollutant， weak implementing force and unavailability in normalization， incomplete long-term evaluation mechanism. Four proposals including scientific industrial formulation and layout， setting up the system integrated informative administration in animal husbandry environment with contamination monitoring and warning， increasing policy support and sound economic motivation mechanism， improving the comprehensive technical system of precaution and control over the environmental contamination were put forward finally. Key words： animal husbandry； enviro