X线辐射防护(国外英语资料).doc

X线辐射防护(国外英语资料) Some basic knowledge about radiological protection Quantities and units used in radiological protection 1 dose equivalent The biological effects of a certain amount of absorption depend on the quality of the radiation and the conditions of the irradiation. Different types of radiation lead to the same absorption dose, but the biological effects of the severity or probability of occurrence may be different. In the field of radiation protection, the radiation quality factor effects on linear density effect can pass, the severity of the weighted dose, the absorbed dose after weighted better expression of the biological effects of chance or biological effect. This weighted absorbed dose is called dose equivalent. The SI unit of dose equivalent is J.kg-1. Special SV (Sv), a special unit of the old REM (REM). 1Sv=1000mSv=100rem 2 effective dose equivalent Any radiation received by the human body, almost always involving more than one organ or tissue, and the risk of radiation effects in different organs or tissues of the degree is different, calculated the relevant organ or tissue exposure brings the total risk for effective dose equivalent. It is also based on Sv. Mechanism of ionizing radiation damage When the organism is subjected to ionizing radiation, the material molecules absorb energy, ionize and excite molecules, and cause damage to biological macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.) through direct and indirect effects. On this basis, changes in cellular metabolism, function, and structure result in injury to the organism. 1, primary role The primary action of ionizing radiation refers to a series of changes experienced by the rays acting on the body before the body exhibits overt symptoms and symptoms. 2, secondary role The secondary effect of ionizing radiation is a series of changes after the onset of symptoms and overlaps with the primary action. Factors affecting radiation injury Radiation related factors 1, radiation species The damage