口腔颌面外科学1001(国外英语资料).doc

口腔颌面外科学1001(国外英语资料) Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common congenital malformations of oral and maxillofacial region. Section 1 Introduction (1) embryonic development and formation of cleft lip and palate 1. embryonic development, oral and maxillofacial development began in the third week of embryonic development, forming the nasal process, the upper and lower jaw, and then develop into the original oral cavity. At the fifth week, the olfactory fossa was formed on both sides of the lower border of the frontal nasal process. The internal and external edge of the olfactory fossa was raised, called the medial nasal process and the lateral nasal process, and the olfactory pit was the original nasal cavity. At seventh weeks, left and right side of the maxillary protrusion and lateral nasal process to form the nostrils bottom and upper lip; bilateral medial nasal columella, connected with the formation of the people and the premaxilla. At the same time, the mandibular processes also grow medially and are joined by the midline to form the lower jaw. Later formed the original oral cavity, but still connected with the original nasal cavity. At the eighth week of embryonic development, the fetuss face is initially completed. At the same time, a pair of secondary palatine processes arise from the inner surface of the maxillary process. The secondary palatine processes on both sides fuse at the midline to form the greater part of the palate, which is the incisor foramen in combination with the primary palatine process that forms the anterior jaw. The formation of the palate separates the mouth from the nasal cavity. In the integration of the organization, the front part is connected with the nasal septum formation of ossification of the posterior hard palate; the end part is connected with the nasal septum without bone, namely soft palate. Around twelfth weeks of embryonic development, the mouth and nose of the fetus have adult morphology. The formation of fetal growth