酸碱盐详细(国外英文资料).docVIP

酸碱盐详细(国外英文资料) First, the concept of acid, alkali and salt is grasped accurately, and the essential difference between them is clear The concept of acid alkali salt is more than one chapter, and it is a prerequisite for learning to understand the concept of acid, alkali and salt. Acids and acids For the definition of acid, we say that all of the cation generated by ionization is H +. Here we have to pay special attention to the key words cationic, all and H +. Lets take the common acid and hydrochloric acid as an example. Acid of the acid The acid makes the purple litmus test red, making the colorless phenolphthalein test fluid. The hydrochloric acid makes the purple litmus test red, The colorless phenolphthalein test fluid, which turns the purple litmus test red, Colorless phenolphthalein test fluid does not change color. Metal + acid, salt + hydrogen Zn + H2 + H2 Basic oxide + acid, salt + water Fe2O3 + 6 HCL = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O Base + acid, salt + water NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O Salt + acid goes to another salt + another acid AgNO3 + HCl = AgCl + HNO3 Note: (1) in metal + acid, salt + hydrogen, acid usually refers to dilute sulphuric acid and diluted hydrochloric acid, which can not be concentrated sulphuric acid or nitric acid. Because concentrated sulphuric acid or nitric acid is strongly oxidized, it is not produced by the reaction of the metal to produce the water. Metal is the active metal in the sequence of metals, which is placed in front of the hydrogen, and the metal behind hydrogen cannot replace the hydrogen in the acid. (2) using metal and acid reaction conditions to export the sequence of metal activities: K Ca Na Mg Al Zn Pb (H) Metal activity is weakened by strength In the sequence of metal activity, the more active the metal position, the greater the activity and the shorter the response. (3) concentrated sulphuric acid is absorbent, usually used as a desiccant. Sulfuric acid is also dewater, which is highly corrosive to skin or clothing. When dilute sul