计算机等级考试一级相关知识点（国外英文资料）.doc

计算机等级考试一级相关知识点（国外英文资料） The development of the computer The computers development process is divided into four stages according to computer performance and hardware. 1) the first generation (1946 -- 1957) the electronic computer 2) the second generation (1958 -- 1964) transistor computer 3) the third generation (1965 -- 1971) integrated circuit computer 4) large scale and large-scale integrated circuit computer 2. The relevant knowledge 1) the first computer in the world was developed by the university of Pennsylvania in February 1946. The name is ENIAC, and Chinese is the electronic numerical integration computer. With the development of large-scale integrated circuit technology, microcomputers appeared in the early 1970s. At the core of the microcomputer is the microprocessor, which is a fourth-generation computer. Microprocessors are usually classified as microprocessors. 3) the worlds first microcomputer was developed by Intel in 1971. Computer characteristics The main features of the computer: 1) processing speed. 2) high precision. 3) large storage capacity. 4) high reliability. 5) the work is fully automatic. 6) the application is wide and versatile. Computer application The application domain of the computer is summarized in several aspects: 1) scientific calculation (numerical calculation). 2) information processing. 3) process control. CAD/CAM (CAD/CAM). Computer classification There are many kinds of computers, different models, which can be classified from different angles. 1) according to the form of data processing: ? Digital computer: the data that is processed is a binary number, a discrete number. ? Analog computer: processing data is a continuous simulation. ? Hybrid computers: a combination of digital computers and analog computers. 2) use a range of categories: ? Universal computers. ? Dedicated computers. 3) usually according to the scale of computer system, performance index, operation speed, storage capacity and so on: ? Supercomputer. ? Large